深圳国际公益学院

锐评：拥抱新商业文明时代

8月19日，181位领军企业的CEO签署发布《关于企业宗旨的声明》。这是一个里程碑式的事件，标志着一个对人类环境负责、对所有利益相关方负责的新商业文明时代的开启。以1765年哈格里夫斯发明“珍妮纺纱机”为起点，人类社会经历了四次工业革命。支撑250多年高速发展的，主要是以自由主义为伦理基础的资本主义体系。但是，众所周知，伴随着生产力的提升和物质世界的巨大繁荣，今天的人类社会并没有成为和谐乐园，全球变暖、移民危机、恐怖主义等全球挑战日渐加深。所有这些挑战的背后最根本的原因，就是贫富差距的日益扩大，而导致贫富差距鸿沟日渐加宽的，正是“为股东谋取最大利益”的原教旨资本主义的商业运行逻辑和金融投资体系，以及为这样的商业逻辑和投资体系服务的公共管理体系。大约100年前，以卡耐基的《财富的福音》出版为代表，现代慈善作为对先进高效的资本主义缺陷重要弥补开始起步。其基础逻辑是，资本主义体系是正当、优秀的，同时这个体系必然会让弱者和失败者掉队，而公益慈善可以很好地弥补政府调节和市场竞争的不足。经过百余年实践，2015年，美国福特基金会总裁吕德伦先生在其发表的公开信中表明，公益慈善所依赖的经济体系需要进行深刻的变革，现代慈善理论需要新的探索。自20世纪70年代起，一些慈善家和慈善组织开始对传统投资和传统慈善进行反思。从“不做恶的投资”，到“环境、社会、治理三重底线投资”，到“主动为善的投资”，再到“既能解决社会问题又可实现商业闭环的影响力投资”，商业向善、投资向善逐步成为新时代的趋势。由比尔·盖茨、瑞·达利欧、牛根生等慈善家发起的深圳国际公益学院，正是迎合市场失灵和慈善失灵的双重需求应运而生的。学院董事会主席马蔚华从银行家转身成为影响力投资的推动者和实践者，通过其全国政协委员议案和每年逾50场的公开演讲，呼吁更多企业家把握商业向善趋势。学院王振耀院长创立的“善经济理论”深刻阐释了新商业文明的底层逻辑，明确指出在全球人均GDP超过10000美元的善经济时代，社会价值开始引领经济价值，是全球范围内的最大趋势。深圳国际公益学院的旗舰项目“GPL全球善财领袖计划”，其课程逻辑和主体内容就是善财同行的新商业文明和慈善新前沿。(点击链接，加入GPL)鉴于中国作为社会主义国家秉持的“共同富裕”“实现人的全面发展”价值导向，以及中国共产党第十九次代表大会明确的“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”发展理念和“共建共治共享”社会治理格局，我们有理由相信，在追求“惠及所有利益相关方”的新商业文明时代，中国企业家、慈善家更有条件成为新时代的引领者。结合中国的特点，中国的善财领袖可以在融合多元主体开展影响力投资或影响力债券、推动企业升级企业社会责任体系、鼓励改造或创办各类社会企业、开展家族战略慈善、实践公益创投或使命相关投资等方面大胆探索，为全球新商业、新慈善提供重要经验。

——傅昌波

深圳国际公益学院助理院长

北京师范大学教授、博士生导师

关于企业宗旨的声明

美国人应该生活在这样的经济环境下，即每个人通过努力工作和创造力能获得成功，并过上有意义和有尊严的生活。我们认为，自由市场体系是创造良好就业机会、强大而可持续的经济、创新精神、健康的环境和所有人共享经济机会的最佳体系。企业通过创造就业机会，促进创新和提供必需商品和服务，在经济中发挥着至关重要的作用。企业制造和销售商品; 制造设备和车辆; 支持国防; 种植和生产食物; 提供医疗保健; 产生并提供能量; 并提供支持经济增长的金融，通讯和其他服务。虽然我们每个公司都有自己的企业宗旨，但我们对所有利益相关方都有着共同的承诺。我们承诺：

为我们的客户提供价值。我们将进一步推动美国公司在满足或超越客户期望方面的传统。

投资我们的员工。首先是公平地补偿他们并提供重要的好处。包括通过培训和教育为他们提供支持，帮助他们为快速变化的世界开发新技能。我们促进多样性和包容，尊严和尊重。

与供应商公平合理地进行交易。我们致力于成为其他大小公司的良好合作伙伴，帮助我们完成任务。

支持我们工作的社区。我们尊重社区中的人，通过我们业务的可持续实践来保护环境。

为股东创造长期价值，为股东提供资金，使公司能够进行投资，发展和创新。我们致力于透明和有效参与股东。

每个利益相关者都至关重要。我们致力于为所有公司，社区和国家的未来成功地创造价值。

自1978年以来，商业圆桌会议定期发布“公司治理的原则”。自1997年以来发布的每份文件都遵循股东至上的原则 —— 公司主要是为股东服务。随着今天的公告发布，新声明取代之前的声明，表明了企业责任的现代标准。

“美国梦充满希望，但也处在崩溃边缘。大企业正在为他们的工人和社区投资，因为他们知道这是长期成功的唯一途径。这些现代化的原则反映了商界坚定不移的承诺，即继续推动为所有美国人服务的经济。”

——杰米•戴蒙(Jamie Dimon)

摩根大通公司董事长兼首席执行官、商业圆桌会议主席

“这一新声明更好地反映了企业今天能够和应该运作的模式，当这些CEO们真正致力于满足所有利益相关者的需求时，便是肯定了企业在改善社会方面可以发挥重要作用。”

——亚历克斯(Alex Gorsky)

强生公司董事会主席兼首席执行官、商业圆桌公司治理委员会主席

“我欢迎商业圆桌会议的代表们关于公司宗旨的这一深思熟虑的声明。通过更广泛，更完整的企业目标观，董事会可以专注于创造长期价值，更好地服务于每个人 —— 投资者、员工、社区、供应商和客户。”

——比尔(Bill McNabb)

美国先锋集团(Vanguard)前首席执行官

“CEO们致力于为股东创造利润和价值回报，但是更好的公司会做得更多。他们把客户放在第一位，并投资于他们的员工和社区。最终证明，这是建立长期价值的最有希望的方式。”

——特里西亚(Tricia Griffith)

美国先进公司(Progressive Corporation)总裁兼首席执行官

“这是一个巨大的新闻，因为21世纪的企业专注于为所有利益相关者创造长期价值并应对我们所面临的挑战，这将导致企业和社会共同繁荣和可持续发展，这比以往任何时候都更加重要。”

——吕德伦(Darren Walker)

福特基金会主席

原题：Corporation to Promote 'An Economy That Serves All Americans'

来源：Business Roundtable

日期：2019年8月19日

Business Roundtable today announced the release of a new Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation signed by 181 CEOs who commit to lead their companies for the benefit of all stakeholders – customers, employees, suppliers, communities and shareholders.

Since 1978, Business Roundtable has periodically issued Principles of Corporate Governance. Each version of the document issued since 1997 has endorsed principles of shareholder primacy – that corporations exist principally to serve shareholders. With today’s announcement, the new Statement supersedes previous statements and outlines a modern standard for corporate responsibility.

“The American dream is alive, but fraying,” said Jamie Dimon, Chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Chairman of Business Roundtable. “Major employers are investing in their workers and communities because they know it is the only way to be successful over the long term. These modernized principles reflect the business community’s unwavering commitment to continue to push for an economy that serves all Americans.”

“This new statement better reflects the way corporations can and should operate today,” added Alex Gorsky, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Johnson & Johnson and Chair of the Business Roundtable Corporate Governance Committee. “It affirms the essential role corporations can play in improving our society when CEOs are truly committed to meeting the needs of all stakeholders.”

Industry leaders also lent their support for the updated Business Roundtable Statement, citing the positive impact this commitment will have on long-term value creation:

“I welcome this thoughtful statement by Business Roundtable CEOs on the Purpose of a Corporation. By taking a broader, more complete view of corporate purpose, boards can focus on creating long-term value, better serving everyone – investors, employees, communities, suppliers and customers,” said Bill McNabb, former CEO of Vanguard.

“CEOs work to generate profits and return value to shareholders, but the best-run companies do more. They put the customer first and invest in their employees and communities. In the end, it’s the most promising way to build long-term value,” said Tricia Griffith, President and CEO of Progressive Corporation.

“This is tremendous news because it is more critical than ever that businesses in the 21st century are focused on generating long-term value for all stakeholders and addressing the challenges we face, which will result in shared prosperity and sustainability for both business and society,” said Darren Walker, President of the Ford Foundation.

The Business Roundtable Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation is below and the full list of signatories is available here.

Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation

Americans deserve an economy that allows each person to succeed through hard work and creativity and to lead a life of meaning and dignity. We believe the free-market system is the best means of generating good jobs, a strong and sustainable economy, innovation, a healthy environment and economic opportunity for all.

Businesses play a vital role in the economy by creating jobs, fostering innovation and providing essential goods and services. Businesses make and sell consumer products; manufacture equipment and vehicles; support the national defense; grow and produce food; provide health care; generate and deliver energy; and offer financial, communications and other services that underpin economic growth.

While each of our individual companies serves its own corporate purpose, we share a fundamental commitment to all of our stakeholders. We commit to:

Delivering value to our customers. We will further the tradition of American companies leading the way in meeting or exceeding customer expectations.

Investing in our employees. This starts with compensating them fairly and providing important benefits. It also includes supporting them through training and education that help develop new skills for a rapidly changing world. We foster diversity and inclusion, dignity and respect.

Dealing fairly and ethically with our suppliers. We are dedicated to serving as good partners to the other companies, large and small, that help us meet our missions.

Supporting the communities in which we work. We respect the people in our communities and protect the environment by embracing sustainable practices across our businesses.

Generating long-term value for shareholders, who provide the capital that allows companies to invest, grow and innovate. We are committed to transparency and effective engagement with shareholders.

Each of our stakeholders is essential. We commit to deliver value to all of them, for the future success of our companies, our communities and our country.